فصلنامه دانش پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 43، بهار 1401)

Damage caused by various natural disasters around the world, especially in rural areas, are increasing. In order to reduce the damage caused by natural disasters, the awareness of people to deal with natural disasters must be upgraded, in which, rural women with awareness and awareness in the field of natural disaster management, can play an effective role in reducing the vulnerability of rural communities. The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness of rural women about the components of natural disaster crisis management in the villages of Damghan city.

In this regard, descriptive-analytical research method and documentary and survey study method using a questionnaire has been used to answer the research question in Damghan city. The statistical population of the study is 6 villages of Damghan city. The sample population of 370 rural women in the mentioned villages has been determined. In order to analyze, a single-sample T-TEST was processed to determine the average share of awareness in each of the components of crisis management in the three periods before the crisis, during the crisis and after the crisis. Then, to prioritize the awareness level of rural women, the components of natural disaster crisis management, entropy method were used to weight the criteria and the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision model was used to prioritize the level of crisis management awareness in rural areas of Damghan city.

Natural Disaster Management awareness Indicators In the three dimensions of the crisis management cycle (before the crisis, during the crisis and after the crisis), the current level of awareness of rural women in Tuyeh Darvar and Rudbar villages is better than other villages. Also, rural women in Damankuh, suburbs, Qahab Sarsar and Qahab Rustaq villages are at the lowest level of crisis management awareness, respectively.

Women play the role of the closest people in the family, and by increasing women's awareness of the components of crisis management, the level of harm to the family and individuals during natural disasters can be reduced, as well as better conditions for preparation and rehabilitation of events after Create it.

Given the high share of energy production by hydropower plants in Iran and the weaknesses of the resilience and protection model in this area, the importance of providing a model based on concepts such as؛ Expresses dependencies, correlations, risk management and analysis. In this paper, a new method for measuring the resilience of an energy infrastructure is presented so that it can be generalized to all urban infrastructures such as transportation, social and economic.

This research is applied and innovative in nature and in terms of implementation method, it is a  passive defense-mathematical analysis that according to the necessity of research, a combination of previous research studies, consultation and interviews with experts has been used. Finally, using the above and defense compliance with the infrastructure of hydropower plants in Iran, indigenous indicators and sub-indicators are determined and then weighed by experts. Using a new algorithm, the various assets of the hydroelectric power plant infrastructure are examined against various threats, and after 8 stages, the resilience of the desired asset is obtained and this loop is repeated until the resilience reaches the desired level.

Using a model by presenting indicators and sub-indicators, first the status of infrastructure in terms of resilience and protection is examined and by providing scientific and practical suggestions to try to eliminate the weaknesses of the infrastructure and thus increase the resilience of the model. By providing solutions such as reducing the reaction time of guards, using the elements of delay, training staff and observing the principles of defense and vulnerability management can significantly increase the likelihood of attacking attackers and thus resilience.

After completing 9 steps and completing it, the amount of resilience is obtained according to the Excel code and is compared with the desired amount of resilience. Resilience changes can be observed with a small change in each component of a component.

Disasters in recent years have shown that communities and individuals have become increasingly vulnerable and risks have increased. However, risk reduction and vulnerability are often overlooked until after the disaster. The occurrence of a possible earthquake is predicted and examined in line with the main purpose of this study.

This research is applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method.Theoretical data of the research were collected by library method and after extracting the indicators, spatial analysis of each index was obtained using FAlM model and GIS and Geoda software analysis.

Analyzes show that 35 deaths, 2,638 hospitalizations, 4,509 outpatients and 39,580 were healthy in the Style destruction scenario. In the average destruction scenario, 970 people died, 4509 were hospitalized, 7314 were hospitalized and 33969 were healthy. In the severe destruction scenario, 6079 people died, 7950 people were hospitalized, 10755 people were hospitalized and 21978 people were healthy. In the very serious destruction scenario, 7482 people died, 10288 people were hospitalized, 13093 people were hospitalized and 15899 people were healthy. Also in the scenario of complete destruction of 19172 deaths, 7482 hospitalizations, 9820 outpatients and 10288 healthy people.

In this research, we came to the conclusion that it is possible to calculate the degree of vulnerability to earthquakes using research indicators and to take control measures to reduce the effects of earthquakes based on prioritizing crisis management. Although in the event of an earthquake the central part of Kianpars neighborhood is more vulnerable, but in general it can be concluded that the use of the combined model FAlM in addition to assessing physical vulnerability in different parts of an area, can provide useful information about the situation during, before And after the occurrence of a crisis for the pathology of environmental rescue.

Earthquake emergency is one of the most important urban emergencies in Iran and around the world that needs to addressed in a wide range of various actions.in past earthquakes the official rescue and relief teams usually didn’t reach the stricken area on time and the number of fatalities increases. Neighborhood self-help center is a new physical infrastructure that has simultaneous social and managerial capacities to establish participation in the field of emergency management of earthquake and has been less visited. The purpose of this study is to identify and categorize the requirements for establishing this center from site selection perspective.

is based on deductive reasoning, qualitative approach, library studies and quantitative techniques of hierarchical analysis and Expert Choice software. The structure of the research has two theoretical and practical parts in order to identify and prioritize the set of physical external requirements of neighborhood self-help centers with an analytical approach with expert judgment in the applied research section (N = 20).

indicate the possibility of preciseness of the neighborhood self-help center along with prioritizing and clustering measures in a systematic quality model. the nature of center is non-technical and the first priority extracted in the selected criteria and sub-criteria of the research is Rescue and Relief compatibility index and Red Crescent center, respectively.

total measures has been achieved with priority and clusters. Also, some part of the theoretical capacities of center and practical applications of center locating were present.

Due to the importance of time in choosing the optimal routing to reduce the damage caused by accidents in critical situations such as earthquakes, fires, etc., the structural form of the route has a significant impact on the selection of people in emergencies. It can also be very effective in the work for designers, managers and urban planners for disaster risk management and beyond. The way people behave and move in the space of residential complexes shows that the shortest route is the best option, in critical situations, the importance of the issue becomes more critical when the way of routing raises concerns in people that make their decision. It is effective. This concern increases when a person unfamiliar with the environment wants to find the direction he or she needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the formal structure of the route in emergency situations on the routing of people in residential complexes based on the theory of space syntax and determine the best type of route for people in residential complexes.

In this research, based on the principles of neohospace theory in emergency situations, a structural description of human environmental behavior is presented. Accordingly, to achieve the research goal, using Depthmap X 0.50 software and by extracting graph-based methods and interpreting pivot diagrams, orientation, pivotal vision and readability, perception and interpretation of people from the routing of the residential complex in conditions Emergency is explained.  

The findings show that routing has a significant relationship with the depth of space and visual axis of people; This means that the greater the legibility of the route with increasing depth and the longest axis of vision, the more appropriate decisions people make in choosing the route in the event of accidents and emergencies.

The results of the study on the optimal choice of routing by people in emergency situations showed that the linear route because it has the longest line of sight among other routes and this leads to better readability of people and reduces their anxiety, the first Is a choice. Of course, this also depends on the depth of vision of the people. This will be difficult if the depth of vision of the people increases. Also, the curved path has a moderate degree of readability due to its fixed and repetitive axes of depth and vision compared to other paths, and this can increase people's anxiety and worry during emergencies. Network traffic route is the most unsuitable route for navigating people in space because due to less readability than other routes, it has less visibility and depth, so it increases people's anxiety and worry.

In the present study, concepts related to climate change and climate study scales have been studied and various indicators related to climate change have been presented and then important and practical indicators in evaluating climate change components have been evaluated.

Monitoring the changes in extreme climatic events requires data in short-term time scales. The 32 indicators used in the present study were evaluated and classified into two categories related to rainfall and temperature. Rainfall indices included maximum rainfall and heavy rainfall, maximum number of consecutive dry and wet days, total wet day rainfall, seasonal rainfall index (SI). In addition, regarding temperature, the glacial day (FD) indices, tropical days and nights, hot and cold, minimum and maximum temperature in daily and monthly time scales, range of circadian temperature changes (DTR) and length of growing season (GSL) were assessed.

In selecting the appropriate index for assessing climate change, the length of the existing statistical period, existing of missing data, time scale of the data (hourly, daily, monthly, annual) and the purpose of the research should be considered. In the assessing drought and water balance, the mean values ​​and timing indices would be a good option. While, in studying the flow regime and hydrologic modeling, the daily data flow produce satisfying results. In assessing vegetation change due to climatic factors, as well as groundwater fluctuations, seasonal indicators of rainfall distribution and timing will be better. Average or minimum and maximum and daily or annual indicators will be used to predict changes in climatic variable.

The introduced indicators can be used in selection of suitable climatic variables and adaptive management approaches to climate change challenges. In general, the selection of the appropriate index depends on the available data and the purpose of the research, and the statistical methods used in interpreting the variables will affect the choice of the index.

In the current changing environment, accelerating the progress of societies; It has led to the comprehensive presence of information and the multiplicity of information resources, which has increased the value and importance of concepts such as knowledge management, crisis management and smart cities. In this situation, successful organizations are able to adapt to these conditions and make timely reactions and decisions using these concepts. Therefore, the present study seeks to develop a model to examine the relationship between knowledge management and crisis management and smart cities.

The research method of the present study is descriptive correlation with a statistical population. The statistical population of this study is the managers and employees of Eshtehard municipality with more than one year of work experience, whose number was 83 people. A questionnaire with a Likert scale with five options was used to collect information. This questionnaire has 27 questions for measuring three variables, the reliability of which was 0.919 using Cronbach's alpha, which was a good value.

Using AMOS software to analyze the collected data, confirmatory factor analysis for the validity of the structure and a structural model (which assumes a specific causal structure between the hidden variables) were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings indicate that knowledge management is related to crisis management and smart cities and has a significant relationship.

According to the research findings, knowledge management in conjunction with crisis management, is considered as an important and vital factor for smart cities, in order to create value and sustainable preparedness in today's complex and changing environment, as the main background in dealing with Crisis hosts. By making cities smarter, communities are able to perform better in tackling and preventing crises. On the other hand, in the designed model, it was found that smart cities are effective in crisis management and can be pursued as a new approach in the global arena of urban management as a transcendent perspective in our country.